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アプリのビルド時ではなく、アプリの実行時に環境変数の値を読む必要がある場合、$env/static/private の代わりに $env/dynamic/private を使用することができます。

src/routes/+page.server.js
import { redirect, fail } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import { env } from '$env/dynamic/private';

export function load({ cookies }) {
	if (cookies.get('allowed')) {
		throw redirect(307, '/welcome');
	}
}

export const actions = {
	default: async ({ request, cookies }) => {
		const data = await request.formData();

		if (data.get('passphrase') === env.PASSPHRASE) {
			cookies.set('allowed', 'true', {
				path: '/'
			});

			throw redirect(303, '/welcome');
		}

		return fail(403, {
			incorrect: true
		});
	}
};

Next: $env/static/public

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<script>
	export let form;
</script>
 
<form method="POST">
	<label>
		enter the passphrase
		<input name="passphrase" autocomplete="off" />
	</label>
</form>
 
{#if form?.incorrect}
	<p class="error">wrong passphrase!</p>
{/if}
 
<style>
	.error {
		color: red;
	}
</style>
 
initialising